德國教育;德國教育體制

FROM MAY 1ST the proud holders of doc-torates will no longer be allowed to put the title Dr in front of their name in Ger-man passports. For a country obsessed with qualifications-Prof Drs are fairly common and even Dr Drs not so rare-this decline in standing may be hard. But it is not as hard as the decline in German edu-cational standards. The most recent results from three very different testing regimes, comparing pu-pils of varied ages, point in a single direc-tion: downwards. The best-known, the Programme for International Student As-sessment (PISA), tests performance in maths, reading and science among 15-year- olds across some 80 countries every three years. Its most recent scores confirm steep plunges in all three subjects in the past de-cade in Germany.

從5月1日起，持有博士學位的人將不再被允許在德國護照上將“博士”稱號放在他們的名字前面。對于一個對資格證書如此執著的國家來說——博士教授相當普遍，甚至博士也不少見——這種地位的下降可能會很難接受。但這并不像德國教育標準的下降那么嚴重。最近三種完全不同的測試制度的結果，比較了不同年齡段學生的表現，都指向一個共同的方向：下降。最知名的是國際學生評估項目（PISA），它每三年在大約80個國家對15歲的學生進行數學、閱讀和科學表現的測試。其最新的成績確認了過去十年德國在這三個科目上的急劇下降。

A separate study that measures reading competence among fourth-graders across 65 countries, known by the acronym IGLU, found that 25.4% of the German cohort lacked adequate skills in 2021, up from 18.9% five years earlier and 17% in 2001. Meanwhile the latest survey of German- language competence among ninth-grad-ers by IQB, an educational-research insti-tute that compares outcomes between German states, found that the proportions nationwide that fail to reach minimum standards in reading, listening and spell-ing had risen respectively by 9, 16 and 9 percentage points since 2015.

另一項測量65個國家四年級學生閱讀能力的獨立研究，被稱為IGLU，發現2021年德國學生中有25.4% 缺乏足夠的技能，而五年前這一比例為18.9%，2001年則為17%。與此同時，德國教育研究機構IQB最新進行的關于九年級學生德語能力的調查發現，自2015年以來，未能達到閱讀、聽力和拼寫最低標準的學生比例在全國范圍內分別上升了9、16和9個百分點。